How it works
Nodes can have slightly different mempools, and validators or miners choose transactions according to protocol rules and fee incentives.
What to check
Check network-specific rules for transaction replacement, expiry and fee selection. Wallets may simplify these details behind an estimated fee.
- Understand fee priority
- Know replacement rules
- Expect delays during congestion
Limits and risks
Congestion can leave low-fee transactions pending much longer than expected. A pending transaction may also be replaced or dropped depending on the network.
Primary sources
Bitcoin Developer Reference↗Ethereum developer documentation↗FATF: Virtual Assets↗General information only. Investment products can lose value, and terms, fees and regulation can change.