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Smart contracts explained

A smart contract is program code deployed on a blockchain that executes according to predefined rules.

How it works

Contracts can hold assets, issue tokens and coordinate decentralized applications. Once deployed, some contracts are difficult to change while others remain upgradeable.

What to check

Check whether the contract is upgradeable, who controls administrative keys and whether source code and audits are available.

  • Check upgradeability
  • Identify admin controls
  • Review audits without treating them as guarantees

Limits and risks

Code can behave exactly as written and still produce harmful outcomes if the design is flawed. Bugs, malicious upgrades and compromised admin keys can all create losses.

Primary sources

Bitcoin Developer Reference↗Ethereum developer documentation↗FATF: Virtual Assets↗

General information only. Investment products can lose value, and terms, fees and regulation can change.